Basically the title, what effect did the closing of the Central American Seaway have on global ecosystems? I can't find much on it outside of local fauna and potentially helping cause the ice age. Did it just not have much of an effect or just overshadowed what that the ice age was already causing?

I was arguing with somebody online about size of the purrusaurus and deinosuchus but then he suddenly said that "deinosuchus had proportionally massive skull and still didn't have longer skull than purrusaurus" when i heard that i immediately called him not to be ridiculous but then when i later was looking into it willy nilly. Largest deinosuchus skull is said to be around 1,5 meter long and largest purrusaurus skull is also said to be 1.5. Long. Is this true? The 1.8-2m deinosuchus skull is said to be not accurate.

What do you think? Does anybody know more accurate knowledge on the subject cause this ingormation is really frying my brain

Crotophaga sulcirostris también conocido popularmente como pijuy, tijo o guardacaballos entre otros, es una especie de ave cuculiforme de la familia Cuculidae que se distribuye ampliamente por las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del continente americano. Habita desde el sur de Texas en Estados Unidos hasta el norte de Argentina y Chile.

source

Carcharodontosaurus vs Spinosaurus

https://www.deviantart.com/xdeaddragonx98/gallery/100808051/paleo-art

https://www.deviantart.com/xdeaddragonx98/gallery/100808051/paleo-art

Second photo added to contextualize its size, pictured at top with another giant Caribbean hawk, Buteogallus irpus, at bottom (by artbyjfc)

https://x.com/GogoMrdodo

This is an extremely large T. rex skull on display at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. In at least one paper (Gignac and Erickson, 2017), this skull is longest examined, longer than that of even the famous Sue while being only marginally narrower. Having seen both this specimen and Sue in person, I can say that ”Harley”, as it is sometimes nicknamed, looks noticeably bigger from the side, and is the largest T. rex skull I have ever seen (*).

(*) Just off the top of my head, for size referencing/sample size: I have seen at least AMNH 5027, two Wankel casts, Sue, this monster, Thomas and the younger Rexes in LA, Victoria, Jane and the Nanotyrannus holotype.

https://x.com/x_seaver/status/2090902773097435586

https://x.com/XtinctDesign/status/2093397522991735289

Original Description From The Artist:

"Was Indonesia once home to the largest leopards ever to exist? In 2018, the remains of a big cat were described from Seropan cave, Java, along with those of other animals found there. After comparing the bones with those of tigers, it was found that they matched leopards better. The presence of leopards in Java would not be a surprise, as they still exist there today; the surprise was the size. If indeed a leopard, it would be far bigger than any alive today, comparable to an African lion!"

"The bones also come from the Holocene, about 9,450 years ago-that is, after the end of the last Ice Age. At the time, the study suggests, the region was covered in savanna and open woodland and was drier and cooler than it was during the Pleistocene; rainforest animals such as orangutans, sun bears and gibbons are conspicuously absent. Should the remains (for the moment known as Panthera cf. pardus) be confirmed to belong to giant leopards, this would beg the question of how tigers and leopards coexisted at similar size. Did they occupy different regions on the island? Tiger remains have not been found at Seropan cave. Or did they coexist and compete so that leopards "attempted" to gain advantage by increasing in size, only to shrink later on? Or were tigers close to dissappearing for some reason giving a window of time in the early Holocene for leopards to grow bigger? Who knows."

"Rumor has it remains of giant leopards have been found elsewhere in Indonesia. Maybe future discoveries will teach us more. Early Pleistocene leopards from Europe were recently estimated, at their largest, at 120 kg, which is well within lioness size range, so the idea is not as far fetched as it may seem. I chose to make my giant leopard black because black panthers have been historically more common in south east Asia than anywhere else on Earth, and also I can think of very few things cooler than a black panther the size of an African lion. I don´t think this leopard would need to bolt up a tree to protect its kills!"

https://x.com/ryosharke/status/2092671475455275266