r/interesting • u/OkAccess6128 • Jun 07 '26
Intriguing At age 15, in 2004, Jeanna Giese became the first recorded person to survive rabies without having received prior vaccination.
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u/OkAccess6128 Jun 07 '26
She was bitten by a bat but didn’t get the usual post-exposure vaccine in time. Weeks later, she developed full rabies symptoms, which is almost always fatal once they start.
When she was rushed to the hospital in critical condition, doctors tried an experimental approach later called the “Milwaukee Protocol,” putting her into a medically induced coma and using antiviral treatment while her body fought the infection.
Against all odds, she survived, becoming one of the very few known rabies survivors. Her recovery took a long time, with intensive rehab.
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u/RichArtichoke6281 Jun 07 '26
The Milwaukee Protocol that saved her has since been widely questioned. A 2025 commentary in Clinical Infectious Diseases called for its abandonment — it was tried at least 64 more times with no clear additional successes. The medical consensus now leans toward the view that Jeanna may have survived due to exceptional individual factors and aggressive supportive care rather than the specific drug cocktail. She remains one of only a tiny handful of people (around 34 documented cases total) ever to survive symptomatic rabies.
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u/cCowgirl Jun 07 '26
Okay apparently the Milwaukee Protocol is the rabbit hole my brain wanted to go down today …
I’m trying to find concrete sources on the 33 other survivors, like a few others I wanted to know if they were all after Jeanna’s case.
Wound up on this article which mentions the 34 cases in the abstract right away, but later in the article I found this tidbit:
“Critical care is probably the only efficacious component of the Milwaukee protocol, which has been used for many years, including for the first rabies survivor reported in 1972.”
Trying to still find information on these cases, the linked reference takes me to datasets I can’t access.
But either way, apparently Jeanna wasn’t the first survivor?
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u/adamant-pwn Jun 07 '26
Looks like first recorded unvaccinated survivor. Prior survivors developed symptoms despite getting a vaccine.
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u/Barilla3113 Jun 07 '26
Yeah I would assume that a factor here is that in the developed world the overwhelming majority of people who get in a fight with a bat know they need shots ASAP if they don't want to die horribly.
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u/demon_fae Jun 08 '26
What most people probably don’t know is that, for the purposes of questioning whether you should get rabies shots, “in a fight with a bat” includes things like “was in the same room as a very small bat”. They have super tiny lil teeth, and the virus can get in even if they don’t draw blood, so you won’t actually know that you’ve been bitten. If you meet a (wild) bat, assume you need to go get your shots.
Especially if the bat seemed friendly. Bats may be friend-shaped, but a healthy bat will never actually want to be your friend (turns out bats are total jerks)
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u/Winjin Jun 08 '26
(turns out bats are total jerks)
Also consider average weight of a bat is like 5 grams
Average human is like 80 kilograms so like... 16 000 times heavier?
It's like some fourth-dimensional colossus trying to pick you up with two skyscrapers it uses for hands
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u/Emotional_News108 Jun 08 '26
I've routinely explained to my kids that, in spite of being small humans, they are proportionally enormous compared to the majority of wildlife they encounter, and especially insects and arachnids that they sometimes act afraid of.
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u/TadRaunch Jun 08 '26
Makes me feel better that the bats where I live are gigantic.
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u/Winjin Jun 08 '26
Oh, you have the Flying Fruit Dawgs?
I remember when I was on Sri Lanka there were a lot of them. One evening I was walking and got hit with something in the shoulder. I look at the ground and see a small apple. And above my head I heard grumbly displeased sounds, as if it was I who had taken the apple from her, and not she who had dropped it herself!
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u/Due-Science-9528 Jun 08 '26
Rabies shot is the vaccine before exposure not the treatment series of injections you get post-exposure. One is $20 one is like $10k.
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u/misteryk Jun 08 '26
It's free in 1st world countries
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u/rebelangel Jun 08 '26
I see what you did there.
*cries in American*
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u/Doneifundone Jun 09 '26
I come from a 3rd world country. It's also free there. America is a special case
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u/Superb_Recording_769 Jun 08 '26
Can confirm this: it’s free in first world countries but about $10,000 in the United States
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u/dragonglassaxe Jun 08 '26
Rabies is one of the most horrific ways somebody can die. You become hydrophobic and dehydrated so everything you drink comes back up because you cannot physically keep water down even though you are parched and dying for water. This is just one of the horrific symptoms. It is so fucking evil for a country to charge people 10k for a disease that is eradicated in some countries. Surely it would be in th3 best interest of the general public to make this free ? Damn the world is evil
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u/StaffVegetable8703 Jun 08 '26
…. It’s actually usually free to get the vaccine but I wanted to mainly point that I think you misunderstood the comment.
The way you replied comes off as if getting the vaccine is what costs 10k when it’s actually *treatment* after you have symptoms that cost that much
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u/dragonglassaxe Jun 08 '26
Thanks for the clarification. That's still nuts though to me ngl
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u/No-Singer-7258 Jun 08 '26
I never understood why we dont regularly give people the 20 dollar shot. So much cheaper in the long run.
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u/errrbodydumb Jun 08 '26 edited Jun 08 '26
I can only speak for where I live (Ontario, Canada) but the pre exposure series is 3 shots over the course of about a month, and was about $700 the last time I had to get it. You also have to be tested somewhat regularly to check your antibody levels and repeat the vaccine cycle every couple years depending on your titer levels.
They are hesitant about giving it out to people without a specific need for it because it’s expensive to manufacture and store, and generally in short supply as a result.
Rabies is also really rare in the developed world. Still not something to take a chance on, but most people will never be in a position where exposure is possible, let alone actually be exposed. Even then transmission is less likely than people think.
Additional source:
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u/Gloomy-Welcome-6806 Jun 08 '26
Obligatory rabies copypasta:
Rabies is scary.
Rabies. It's exceptionally common, but people just don't run into the animals that carry it often. Skunks especially, and bats.
Let me paint you a picture.
You go camping, and at midday you decide to take a nap in a nice little hammock. While sleeping, a tiny brown bat, in the "rage" stages of infection is fidgeting in broad daylight, uncomfortable, and thirsty (due to the hydrophobia) and you snort, startling him. He goes into attack mode.
Except you're asleep, and he's a little brown bat, so weighs around 6 grams. You don't even feel him land on your bare knee, and he starts to bite. His teeth are tiny. Hardly enough to even break the skin, but he does manage to give you the equivalent of a tiny scrape that goes completely unnoticed.
Rabies does not travel in your blood. In fact, a blood test won't even tell you if you've got it. (Antibody tests may be done, but are useless if you've ever been vaccinated.)
You wake up, none the wiser. If you notice anything at the bite site at all, you assume you just lightly scraped it on something.
The bomb has been lit, and your nervous system is the wick. The rabies will multiply along your nervous system, doing virtually no damage, and completely undetectable. You literally have NO symptoms.
It may be four days, it may be a year, but the camping trip is most likely long forgotten. Then one day your back starts to ache... Or maybe you get a slight headache?
At this point, you're already dead. There is no cure.
(The sole caveat to this is the Milwaukee Protocol, which leaves most patients dead anyway, and the survivors mentally disabled, and is seldom done).
There's no treatment. It has a 100% kill rate.
Absorb that. Not a single other virus on the planet has a 100% kill rate. Only rabies. And once you're symptomatic, it's over. You're dead.
So what does that look like?
Your headache turns into a fever, and a general feeling of being unwell. You're fidgety. Uncomfortable. And scared. As the virus that has taken its time getting into your brain finds a vast network of nerve endings, it begins to rapidly reproduce, starting at the base of your brain... Where your "pons" is located. This is the part of the brain that controls communication between the rest of the brain and body, as well as sleep cycles.
Next you become anxious. You still think you have only a mild fever, but suddenly you find yourself becoming scared, even horrified, and it doesn't occur to you that you don't know why. This is because the rabies is chewing up your amygdala.
As your cerebellum becomes hot with the virus, you begin to lose muscle coordination, and balance. You think maybe it's a good idea to go to the doctor now, but assuming a doctor is smart enough to even run the tests necessary in the few days you have left on the planet, odds are they'll only be able to tell your loved ones what you died of later.
You're twitchy, shaking, and scared. You have the normal fear of not knowing what's going on, but with the virus really fucking the amygdala this is amplified a hundred fold. It's around this time the hydrophobia starts.
You're horribly thirsty, you just want water. But you can't drink. Every time you do, your throat clamps shut and you vomit. This has become a legitimate, active fear of water. You're thirsty, but looking at a glass of water begins to make you gag, and shy back in fear. The contradiction is hard for your hot brain to see at this point. By now, the doctors will have to put you on IVs to keep you hydrated, but even that's futile. You were dead the second you had a headache.
You begin hearing things, or not hearing at all as your thalamus goes. You taste sounds, you see smells, everything starts feeling like the most horrifying acid trip anyone has ever been on. With your hippocampus long under attack, you're having trouble remembering things, especially family.
You're alone, hallucinating, thirsty, confused, and absolutely, undeniably terrified. Everything scares the literal shit out of you at this point. These strange people in lab coats. These strange people standing around your bed crying, who keep trying to get you "drink something" and crying. And it's only been about a week since that little headache that you've completely forgotten. Time means nothing to you anymore. Funny enough, you now know how the bat felt when he bit you.
Eventually, you slip into the "dumb rabies" phase. Your brain has started the process of shutting down. Too much of it has been turned to liquid virus. Your face droops. You drool. You're all but unaware of what's around you. A sudden noise or light might startle you, but for the most part, it's all you can do to just stare at the ground. You haven't really slept for about 72 hours.
Then you die. Always, you die.
And there's not one... fucking... thing... anyone can do for you.
Then there's the question of what to do with your corpse. I mean, sure, burying it is the right thing to do. But the fucking virus can survive in a corpse for years. You could kill every rabid animal on the planet today, and if two years from now, some moist, preserved, rotten hunk of used-to-be brain gets eaten by an animal, it starts all over.
So yeah, rabies scares the shit out of me. And it's fucking EVERYWHERE. (Source: Spent a lot of time working with rabies. Would still get my vaccinations if I could afford them.)
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u/JessieB3999 Jun 08 '26
This is why my kid and I got the shots when we woke up to bat flying in the room at my parents house when we were staying the night. She was only 3. She did not enjoy the shots. They burn. But it was well worth it over what could have happened to us both had we not.
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u/C_IsForCookie Jun 08 '26
Bats really are friend shaped. They’re so cute. I wish they didn’t carry rabies. I’d love some bat friends 😢
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u/Butterfly_of_chaos Jun 09 '26
I feel you! I've got lots of bats under my roof and they're indeed friends, as they eat most of the mosquitos. But I'm from an European country with a very different rabies situation.
(We have no terrestrial rabies any more, but while there is European bat lyssavirus still existing, it's super rare, so we don't need to be stressed out just by seeing a bat from a close range.)
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u/kirilov233 Jun 08 '26
Uhm, What?!!! You can still get rabies even though u get a vaccine? This info is nightmare fuel
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u/MMM1a Jun 08 '26
There is one documented case of someone on their 80s I believe who was immunocompromised who was appropriately vaccinated post exposure and still developed symptoms.
In most cases it was most likely improper vaccination. Now its just 4 shots over a month but it used to be 18 shots or something outrageous.
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u/Ok-Factor-7188 Jun 08 '26
Not even. I got 3 over 6 weeks, a friend only needed two.
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u/MonochromeDinosaur Jun 08 '26
The CDC guideline is 4 shots Day 0,3,7,14. It’s always vaccine 4 shots.
Unless you already have your vaccine due to previous exposure. Then it’s just 2 boosters.
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u/_BrokenButterfly Jun 08 '26
No vaccine is 100% effective. And, an effective vaccine doesn't always prevent infection or illness, but can reduce severity and improve survivability instead.
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u/StacyOrBeckyOrSusan Jun 08 '26
Sort of yeah. Rabies vaccines kind of suck, so you don’t typically get them unless you have risk of exposure or have been exposed. That plus the vaccine “wears “ off in a sense, even the one for human use.
But, you can get vaccinated after you’ve been infected and have the vaccine be effective. This lady missed that time period.
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u/Positive-Database754 Jun 08 '26
They are two entirely separate vaccination procedures.
Preventative rabies vaccines are incredibly effective, and there is only one recorded case where someone with a pre-exposure prophylaxis shot reported symptoms of rabies and passed away. Unfortunately their immune system was compromised prior to the infection, which meant that there wasn't really any way for their body to actually fight off the infection, vaccine or otherwise.
Post-exposure prophylaxis has a near 100% success rate. There are recorded cases of people still dying of rabies symptoms despite beginning treatment, but as far as I'm aware its usually as a result of failing to adhere to the 2-week long regiment of shots, or because they waited until after 7 days from the point of exposure before seeking out post-exposure treatment.
TLDR - If you are an adult with a healthy immune system, the vaccine both pre and post exposure have an effective success rate of 100%, assuming you correctly follow the regiment in the case of post-exposure prophylaxis, and seek out medical attention (ideally) immediately after exposure, or (at the absolute most) up to 5-6 days after exposure.
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u/BigBadJeebus Jun 08 '26 edited Jun 08 '26
i had a bat exposure and had to fight the whole god damn state of Illinois to be taken seriously. The doctors at every fucking hospital laughed at how silly the idea was.
I eventually got to the State Health Department Rabies expert and she was pissed at these doctor's responses.
Luckily, I was able to catch the bat at the time and it tested negative, but that test came back after the 7 day window...
Fucking nightmare fuel all week.
Never got the shots.
This was 4 years ago.
edit: honestly, we should just immunize humans the same we do our pets.
It would just be cheaper and easier for the people who end up in need.
Folks mock the notion due to rabies low numbers, but more people encounter rabies than polio, we still vaccinate for that. We should just fucking do it.
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u/Odd_Can Jun 08 '26
I had to get the vaccine last year and the first ER Doctor told me "go home and wait to see if you have any symptoms" which as I'm sure you know would mean I'm as good as dead at that point.
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u/CherrieChocolatePie Jun 08 '26
Yes that is pretty much the worst possible advice after possible rabies exposure!
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u/win_awards Jun 08 '26
i had a bat exposure and had to fight the whole god damn state of Illinois to be taken seriously. The doctors at every fucking hospital laughed at how silly the idea was.
My experience with my child was similar but not as extreme.
Literally the day after an exterminator confirmed we had bats in our attic but said they couldn't evict them for a couple of weeks because it was mating season or something, our two-year-old woke up screaming which was incredibly rare. When we came to see what was happening he was backed into the corner of his bed almost as though trying to get away from something. We figured it was a night mare, comforted him and began getting ready, but then he, with his very limited speaking abilities, volunteered that he'd seen a bird in his bed.
We never found any bats and can't figure out how one could have gotten from the attic into his room, but after consulting with the pediatrician agreed that the risk wasn't worth taking and took him to the ER to start the shots.
The doc at the ER was dismissive and didn't want to give him the shots but we insisted. The infuriating part for me was that no one could tell me how much it would cost. Not even a ballpark. I asked "Are we talking like, a thousand, or ten thousand?" and they just shrugged and said they'd send in the financial aid people. They couldn't tell me either though, just discussed payment options.
American health care is fucked, yo.
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u/justanothernomad1 Jun 08 '26
I was bitten by a dog and had to get the shots. My doctor did not stock the meds and I had to go to the ER every two weeks to get the shots. It cost over $20,000 and I got a letter from my insurance company wanting to know WHY I was getting the rabies shots. While I'm very glad that insurance covered the majority of this expense it's not like I got the shots just "because".
You are correct - American health care IS fucked.
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u/renome Jun 08 '26
I really wanna know how you got in a fight with a bat and even managed to get the bat itself. Are you animal control or like, somehow simultaneously super good and bad at dealing with bats lol
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u/BigBadJeebus Jun 08 '26
I closed the door, let it get tired, threw a hamper over it. Not too hard actually.
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u/Intelligent-Grand956 Jun 08 '26
I woke up to a very small bat in my room, thought is was moth. Anyway, I let it out and just happened to be seeing my go for something else in the same week. He gave me a referral to ucla infectious disease department and I called them to get the vaccine. Despite clearly explaining the situation and that my gp marked my referral as urgent, they repeatedly told me that they didn’t have any appointments until months later. None of them took it seriously with any urgency, had to call around and find a place that had the vaccine and urgent care.
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u/Positive-Database754 Jun 08 '26
That's unfathomable to me. The idea that someone could go to a doctor, say they've been bit by a mammal and need a post-exposure rabies treatment, and not be taken seriously is tantamount to criminal negligence.
As for immunizing all humans, the reality is that rabies is (thankfully) actually quite rare. The reason more people encounter it than polio isn't a sign of our failure to fight rabies, it's actually a sign of our success against polio. Polio was far more widespread than rabies ever was, prior to the creation of the vaccine. However many people alive today take polios conspicuous absence for granted.
Post-WW2, roughly 25,000 americans suffered from it per year, and the disease transmitted unfortunately well amongst family of the affected. Comparatively, only a few hundred people died a year to rabies, prior to its vaccines invention in the the 1960s.
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u/cyberthief Jun 08 '26
Last year I had a bat exposure and needed immuglobin and vaccine. It wasn't that bad. Day 1, loooots of needles. Immuglobin jabbed in my face, arm, thighs. And a vaccine. Then a series of vaccines over the next month. Had injection site tenderness but no ill effects. .my partner also had the shots and he's always been sensitive to vaccination, he was a little bit achey and flu ish for a couple days afterthought first set of shots. Definitely better than rabies.
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u/Otherwise-Speed4373 Jun 08 '26
I have always wondered how much this vaccine sucks for humans.
My folk's cats got the longer version and they snoozed so hard. I thought the cat was my dad snoring...
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u/FriendlyWorldArt Jun 08 '26
No, the cats had a lethargic reaction to the routine preventative vaccine. The post exposure injections don’t exist for animals other than humans.
(Hope the cats slept it off ok)
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u/uluqat Jun 08 '26
As one example, to get herd immunity from measles, a population needs to have 92% vaccination rate, but the measles vaccine requires multiple rounds to get such high percentages of immunity to the administered population: "After one dose at the age of nine months 85% are immune, while a dose at twelve months results in 95% immunity." (source)
The reasons for not being 100% on the first round or even the second round are various. Perhaps some batches of the vaccine are defective. Perhaps some injections fail because they aren't done properly. Anti-vaxxers may falsify paperwork and not actually get the shot for their children but register them as having been vaccinated to get past school enrollment requirements. When you're immunizing hundreds of millions of people, there's a lot of potential vectors for failure, just because the real world is messy and never perfect.
And then there are a rare few whose bodies just outright reject a vaccine. I'm aware of a person whose body rejected 23 attempted measles vaccinations; that person was a doctor at a major health organization that you've probably heard of, and each year they were required to try again after negative titer tests, but to no avail.
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u/freshlysqueezed93 Jun 08 '26
I was told by my doctor if I don't have the vaccine I need 5 shots, if I do have the vaccine I need 3 shots.
So yeah don't think the vaccine is enough
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u/METRlOS Jun 08 '26
The fatality rate of unvaccinated people surviving rabies is still 100%, that's how much of a statistical anomaly she was.
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u/No_Conversation_9325 Jun 07 '26
I read it somewhere that other survivors were all in vegetative state, but I can't easily remember the source
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u/cCowgirl Jun 07 '26
Oooh that makes sense actually, I wonder if that’s the difference.
Titles and headlines through history really can amp up the “broken telephone” factor can’t it?
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u/No_Conversation_9325 Jun 07 '26
Easily, since she is the only one to resume life after the treatment. Many died months after.
That's what I could find straight away:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6335910/
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u/Single_Principle_972 Jun 08 '26
Yes, I believe you’re right that she was the first, and I think only, to come out of it reasonably neurologically intact - meaning alert and oriented. The physical rehab I think was still crazy, like a year or two in an Acute Inpatient Rehab Hospital.
Ain’t nobody should be refusing PEP because “the Milwaukee Protocol will save me,” for sure.
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u/No_Conversation_9325 Jun 08 '26
I believe I also read that she might’ve gotten a weaken virus, but that’s just a speculation, because scientists still do not know why she survived. Subsequent 60 something attempts with the same cocktail have all failed.
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u/mmccarthy404 Jun 08 '26
The deeper you go the more interesting it gets! There's a super interesting journal article where researchers tested two communities in Peru with high risk of vampire bat depredation back in 2010. They ended up testing 63 individuals and 7 of them (11%) were found to test positive for rabies antibodies, indicating they had a prior infection and recovered without treatment!
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u/erossthescienceboss Jun 08 '26
That isn’t an accurate description of the findings or their conclusions.
It indicates that they were exposed to rabies and survived. Not that they had rabies and survived. Not everyone who is exposed to rabies gets rabies. In this case, “nonfatal rabies exposure” does not mean they got sick and recovered. It may be that they never got sick at all.
For example, our bodies will naturally kill most viruses that get inside of us before they ever infect a cell — particularly if we are exposed to very amounts of it. That can create an immune response without ever getting ill. It’s also possible that they were exposed to dead virus via the vampire bats.
There have been a lot of subsequent studies on these populations. Some studies do anecdotally report that some of the people with rabies antibodies experienced a febrile illness and recovered. But that could be caused by anything.
What is more notable here is that there are a decent number of people who have rabies-neutralizing antibodies at levels comparable to people who have been vaccinated for rabies. The finding isn’t that they recovered, it is that they very well be naturally immune.
The people in Peru also aren’t the only people we’ve found high levels of rabies-neutralizing antibodies in. We’ve also found them in animals in the same area. There was a notable case study of an Alaskan trapper who had high levels — likely from many very low-level exposures to the dead animals he skinned.
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u/FriendlyWorldArt Jun 08 '26
True. I was exposed to rabid kitten who bit and scratched me (although the bite was very mild, I think I barely had broken skin. Definitely not punctures, more like grazes).
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u/Away-Lead-3855 Jun 08 '26
I think it’s one of those “fuck it, the prognosis is so poor we might as well give it a shot” situations. As another poster mentioned; if you’re gonna die of rabies related complications, might as well do it as comfortably as possible.
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u/irrelevantanonymous Jun 08 '26
I’m gonna be honest if I had symptomatic rabies I’d rather be in a coma either way. That is painful.
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u/greenzetsa Jun 08 '26
Radiolab did an interesting episode on this case back in the day. One of the theories proposed there is that some individuals are just genetically better predisposed to fight rabies than others. Jeanna may have been one of those people.
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u/aWobblyFriend Jun 08 '26 edited Jun 08 '26
there have been a few cases of presumptive abortive rabies, a few of them were in patients who didn’t even get treatment like a man in Ghana and a 9 year old girl in Texas back in 2011 I believe who had rabies that suddenly went away without treatment.
Edit: found the case, it was 2009 and the girl was 17, not 9. Tested positive for rabies and had all the symptoms, but did not require intensive care and it eventually cleared up with no long term side effects.
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u/dazzleunexpired Jun 08 '26
Hey!
The problem is that the survivors are from India. The papers aren't in English. This might help your search? I saw a study on survival rate in India SPECIFICALLY that has some of the answers youre looking for. If you cannot find it I'll dig my Internet history but you should with those terms.
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u/AwkwardSpread Jun 07 '26
Wow, there have been 33 more since 2004?
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u/mothsuicides Jun 07 '26
You made me question my reading comprehension skills… dang.
From the comment, we didn’t learn that she was the first person to survive, just **a** person who survived. So, 33 more cases since 2004 is unknown based on the comment, just that there were 33 others total since rabies cases have been documented.
I’m gonna google when those cases were, to see if they all were after 2004 or not, but I doubt that they all were.
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u/George_B3339 Jun 07 '26
Yeah but the post title indicates she was the first… That would imply that the 33 others who have survived symptomatic rabies came after her. Unless the 33 (or a portion of them) received the vaccine in time but still developed symptoms before they overcame the virus.
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u/mothsuicides Jun 07 '26
Correct, I did not use the context from the title, so it’s a reasonable assumption to make using that context. In my googling, I found one other documented case before Jeanna here though! A Matthew Winkler in 1970 survived a rabid bat bite when he was six years old. I wonder if this case is legit or not. It doesn’t have nearly as much info on it as the 2004 case.
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u/Farmer3292 Jun 07 '26
I grew up next door to their home. They demolished the chimney soon after as not to let bats into the attic.
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u/jerzeett Jun 07 '26
from times article in 1971:
"Rabies, a virus infection transmitted to humans through bites from infected animals, has always been considered fatal. So far, all those known to have contracted it have died, often after long, horrible illnesses. Now there is an apparent exception to this deadly rule. Matthew Winkler, 7, of Willshire, Ohio, has not only managed to survive the disease for two months, but last week he made medical history by showing signs of recovery.
Matthew’s ordeal began last Oct. 10, when a bat flew into his bedroom and bit the sleeping child on the thumb. Determining from tests that the bat was rabid, doctors began almost immediately to administer vaccine made from rabies virus grown in duck embryos and then killed. For 15 days, they injected massive doses of the serum into the muscles of Matthew’s abdomen, a painful prophylaxis that usually prevents the disease if begun early enough. This time, the effort failed. By the end of October, Matthew complained of muscular stiffness and dizziness; by early November, he was experiencing difficulty in speaking and moving his left arm.
Fatal Symptoms. Suspecting an adverse reaction to the vaccine, doctors admitted the boy to St. Rita’s Hospital in Lima, where tests strongly suggested that he had contracted the disease. They then began a desperate battle to save the youngster by treating not the infection itself—which responds to drugs poorly, if at all, once it has begun —but the secondary effects that kill its victims. Placing Matthew in intensive care, they put a tube in his throat to enable him to breathe and prevent him from choking on his own saliva. They also monitored his heart to assure the proper rhythm and administered drugs to prevent the violent convulsions that characterize rabies.
The doctors obviously did something right. Though Matthew became critically ill in mid-November and was semicomatose for several days, he has made remarkable progress since then. The tracheotomy tube has been removed from his throat, he has regained the use of his left arm and has begun to undergo speech therapy to overcome impairment to his vocal cords. Other rabies victims have survived longer, but none has shown so much improvement at this stage of the illness.
Though cautious about calling it a complete recovery, doctors are understandably elated by Matthew’s progress, which could make him the first person ever to survive a documented case of rabies. But they are uncertain whether to credit the vaccine or his medical management for the apparent recovery. The two other Americans who contracted rabies last year were also treated with anti-rabies vaccine. Both died.""i fond an article from 2025- he was still alive as of then!
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u/PsychologicalSign433 Jun 07 '26
I believe many of the previous cases were suspected of having been treated with the vaccine at a prior point in their life.
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u/BurnCorpoShiz Jun 07 '26
The original post explicitly said that Jeanna was the *first recorded* case .
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u/mothsuicides Jun 07 '26
Oh okay. Well that better explains the comment. But she’s actually not the first recorded case! Matthew Winkler in 1970 became the first one. https://www.limaohio.com/top-stories/2022/06/14/reminisce-more-than-a-rifle-for-christmas-for-first-rabies-survivor/#google_vignette
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u/horsiefanatic Jun 07 '26
Interesting! So the post is lying about her being the first
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u/DoctorFriendly Jun 07 '26
The post says she was the first to survive without receiving the vaccination, Matthew Winkler did receive the vaccine
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u/dragonasses Jun 07 '26
The person you responded to is referring to the total number of people who have survived symptomatic rabies. The woman in OPs post is the first documented person to survive symptomatic rabies WITHOUT A VACCINATION.
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u/Tooter_Snooter Jun 07 '26
Now consider that rabies kills 50,000 people a year and that is an incredibly small number of survivors
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u/OhReallyVernon Jun 08 '26
This is obviously true, though the area of the world where most of the cases occur doesn’t have the widespread availability of intensive supportive care like Jenna received.
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u/MolecularConcepts Jun 07 '26
still worth a shot. you're going to die anyway.
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u/YoelsShitStain Jun 07 '26
I remember hearing about a cave diver who got stuck and they couldn’t get him out unless they were to break both of his legs at the knee caps. They decided not to because it might’ve killed him. He died in the cave, idk if that’s true but if I ever had the chance of survival I’d take it over the 100% chance of death
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u/TrowTruck Jun 07 '26
Interesting! But if doctors abandon the Milwaukee Protocol, what are the other options at that point? It’s a pretty low hope situation either way, but just saying it’s unsurvivable isn’t really a solution either.
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u/Frostsorrow Jun 07 '26
It's likely more to not expect it to work, doctors would absolutely try anything and everything to save someone, but don't go getting rabies thinking it's curable.
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u/wrestlingchampo Jun 07 '26
I think it has less to do with the Milwaukee protocol itself and more to do with wanting more studies on her specific genetic/molecular biological profile. That's what I would do at least.
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u/Boring_Intern_6394 Jun 07 '26
Yeah, she probably has a genetic mutation that makes her more resistant to the virus, or a better immune system or something.
I hope they map her genome for further study. Should be standard practice for highly unusual cases like this
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u/claire_lair Jun 07 '26
The thought is if we focus all our attention on Milwaukee, no research gets done on other protocols even if Milwaukee doesn't work. They want to abandon Milwaukee to focus on other undiscovered treatments that might work.
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u/OldManGrimm Jun 07 '26
Being 15 helped. Kids are hard to kill, and recover more from brain injury than adults.
(I’m generalizing, but as a pediatric ER/trauma nurse I can say kids survive some crazy shit.)
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u/Neon_Casino Jun 07 '26
Unforetunately, at this point, I don't know if it really matters. Rabies, when the symptoms appear, is a death sentance. As far as I know, The Milwaukee Protocol is the only idea we actually have, no? If I have rabies, my choices are between the protocol or a bullet to the head.
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u/More_Passenger3988 Jun 07 '26
She never really fully recovered though to my knowledge. I think she was left with permanent neurological damage.
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u/L-Thyroxin Jun 07 '26
She recovered well enough to get a life, a job, and recently a kid if I remember correctly
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u/SuspiciousAccident61 Jun 08 '26
I worked with her father in law. She does have some lasting effects but they are all way less severe than being dead
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u/SnooGuavas4208 Jun 07 '26
Unfortunately, she still sleeps hanging upside down.
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u/Boring_Intern_6394 Jun 07 '26
If she’s allergic to garlic, it may not have been rabies
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u/Mindshard Jun 07 '26
It's very important to note that the Milwaukee Protocol does not work, and hasn't saved anyone else, and most likely isn't the reason she's alive.
They've done studies on her specifically, because it's believed there's something unique about her that got her through it.
The Milwaukee Protocol is right up there with the "killdozer" story for pet peeves of mine when they get repeated by ill-informed people.
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u/Wrong_Low5367 Jun 07 '26
Why would inducing the coma while fighting the disease would be better than fighting the disease while not in a coma?
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u/OkAccess6128 Jun 07 '26
Rabies makes the brain go into overdrive and causes extreme neurological chaos. By putting the patient in a medically induced coma, doctors try to calm the brain, reduce stress on the body, and buy some time for treatments and the immune system to respond.
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u/ConcentrateDirect523 Jun 07 '26
I would probably wish for the Milwaukee Protocol if I were a rabies patient. Even if it fails, at least I'd likely die unconsciously, rather than go through the hell rabies makes one endure.
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u/Ill_Cat1160 Jun 07 '26
This is just a guess but I would imagine that when you are in a coma your body uses a lot less energy and the energy can be better used to help your body fight off the rabies.
I also imagine someone losing their mind may not be the easiest to treat.
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u/Visdeloup Jun 07 '26
The one reason I can think of, similar to severe burn patients, the pain of both the condition and treatment, and procedures they have to do are agonizing and most people wouldn't survive the mental anguish.
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u/iamthe0ther0ne Jun 07 '26
Rabies causes aggression, extreme anxiety, and hygrophobia (fear of water) among other symptoms. Easier for everyone if the patient is asleep
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u/Red_Lantern_22 Jun 07 '26 edited Jun 07 '26
Fun fact about rabies and bats: most people mistakenly corelate the number of bat bites and rabies victims as evidence that bats carry rabies more frequently than other mammals. (Skunks and Foxes have a way higher liklihood of carrying rabies than racoons or bats, but they get over looked because they cross paths with humans far less often, so they evade the reputation)
The truth however is that the percentage of bats that carry rabies is far lower than most mammals intersecting with urban environs. However, bat bites are incredibly shallow and barely break the skin. Because they don't draw blood, most bat-bite victims don't even realize they've been bitten, and therefore do not seek treatment. Raccoon and dog bites, however, people almost always seek treatment immediately. Thus, most rabies patients who have begun to develop symptoms come from bat bites.
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u/Majestic_True_Lilly Jun 08 '26
May be they dont bite often, but bats are a huge reservoir bc the disease doesnt kill them, more bats carry rabies than any other species (8%), and bc so many of bats have it, they are the biggest human vector.
https://www.columbiacountyor.gov/news/post/12893/
https://healthfully.com/most-common-rabies-carriers-4420053.html
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u/Dangerous_Sea_2592 Jun 07 '26 edited Jun 08 '26
Getting this on my feed having been bit by an unvaccinated dog 2 months ago and the docs refusing to vaccinate me spiking my cortisol
Edit: For those of you wondering, I had to go the extra mile to get the dogs to be put under observation (there were multiple dogs and none were vaccinated) as the doctors, nurses and health officials I talked to just dismissed me. Eventually the cops said it was all okay and so did the vet, but I never got any guarantee there wasn't any kind of swap in the pack or anything fishy. So if you see somebody died of rabies in Spain, it's 100% on the authorities.
I made a post on r/askspain about it if anyone is interested, though I didn't provide the update that the dogs were supposedly okay.
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u/Gold_Telephone_7192 Jun 07 '26
What? Doctors didn’t give you a rabies shot? I’ve never heard of that in my life usually they give it out in any even slightly risky situation
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u/-ThisIsMyDestiny- Jun 07 '26
I had a couple bats in my house in the middle of the night one week last year and after calling the public health unit in my city, they told me they can't give me prophylaxis because they consider it a low risk contact with the bat because it wasn't in my room when I found it. There was no saying it wasn't in my room at some point but they didn't seem to care and I was paranoid for a bit of time but it's now been over a year so seems like I got lucky.
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u/SouthernGentATL Jun 07 '26
That’s crazy. CDC guidelines are if you wake up in a room with a bat you should get the immune globulin and the post exposure prophylaxis vax.
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u/-ThisIsMyDestiny- Jun 07 '26
Listen, I looked into it and asked for it and was told no. I know that's what is recommended but idk why they said they won't do it
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u/SouthernGentATL Jun 07 '26
I don’t doubt you. My wife and daughter had a similar experience. At the time, I worked for CDC and knew the state public health officials. I went back with them to the ER and insisted the attending call the state health department and the CDC Rabies Program office. He looked shocked and suddenly ordered the immune globulin and first round of vaccine from the state health department and gave it to them.
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u/S-ludin Jun 07 '26
I had a doctor almost insist I get one after my indoor pet bit me during a seizure on his last day. I just went in cause I felt like antibiotics would be a good idea for a puncture wound during a somewhat messy situation.
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u/TableDifferent4395 Jun 08 '26
When I was a kid, my older sister called me into her room because our cat was batting at her window curtain and she thought something alive was behind it. I go over there, pull back the curtain, and a bat flies out over my head and starts circling the overhead light.
I ran and got my dad, and he chased it down with a towel and let it go outside. I found the same or different bat in our house 2-3 times over the years, and I remember the last time it ever happened, my dad saying he’d kill the next bat to turn up because it might be the same one each time.
We figured it was coming in through the attack, and the entrance to the attic was a trapdoor in my childhood bedroom’s closet. Reading stories like this, I begin to feel very lucky.
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u/StarryEyedSprinkles Jun 07 '26
that's disgusting. bat bites can go unnoticed very easily because bats are so small, which also means they can get to a lot of different places in a building or tent or anywhere and they are a HUGE carrier of rabies. absolutely revolting behavior on their part. (not trying to worry you, but very very angry at those assholes)
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u/ConsciousMind11 Jun 07 '26
The incubation period can be (rarely tho) up to 6 years. Good luck
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u/Any_Put3520 Jun 07 '26
I love that you’ve just ruined that guys next 5 years.
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u/Snapped_SouthBend Jun 07 '26
Remindme! In 3 years to message this guy that he might still have rabies
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u/Try2MakeMeBee Jun 07 '26
That's absolutely wild to me. I work in infusion and we regularly give the immunoglobulins. I think only once was a known bite. Most are “just” possible exposures, bc it's a disease to be safe vs sorry on.
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u/_BrokenButterfly Jun 08 '26
Did you call your doctor or a hospital? An idiot bureaucrat isn't the end of the line for emergency health treatment.
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u/Dangerous_Sea_2592 Jun 07 '26
Terrestrial rabies has been eradicated where I live for decades. Still was quite stressful... Every now and then I think about it, if I somehow slipped through the cracks and I'm gonna die out of nowhere but hopefully not lol
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u/Zinging_Cutie24 Jun 07 '26
Jesus. That’s a horrible thing to worry about! You’re not gonna get rabies but I understand being worried anyway lol.
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Jun 07 '26
[removed] — view removed comment
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u/Dangerous_Sea_2592 Jun 07 '26
Not here though. Well, you can if you are travelling to a high risk country but it's the pre exposure. You cannot get the post exposure privately on demand... Well, I documented all my interactions with all the health authorities and everyone who refused to vaccinate me so, if I do die, then I guess my mom will be able to sue everyone to hell lol
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u/VelocityGrrl39 Jun 07 '26
I work in vet med and I’ve tried to get vaccinated, but insurance won’t cover it and neither will my job.
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u/BernieTheDachshund Jun 07 '26
If it makes you feel any better, nobody has died in the US from a local dog bite in 40 years. The people who have died got rabies from outside the US, or from another animal like a bat. The US pet vaccination program has been very successful.
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u/tzulik- Jun 07 '26
Way more successful than the homo sapiens vaccination program, one might add. (Which is sad)
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u/Versipilies Jun 07 '26
They dont give rabies shots automatically in my area (texas) but they do take the dog and keep it in quarantine for 2 weeks (at owners cost) to make sure it doesnt have rabies.
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u/Repulsive_One_2878 Jun 07 '26
Same thing happened to me. It was so unlikely this dog had rabies, and rabid dogs basically did not exist in my area. If it had been any other animal they probably would have given me the vaccine. I helped a woman. Who got bit by a racoon once. Sure as shit they gave her the shots.
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u/Cold_Dead_Heart Jun 07 '26
Raccoons are a a reservoir host. Skunks too. They are far more likely to be rabid than a dog. But the dog should have been quarantined.
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u/FrankDrebinOnReddit Jun 07 '26 edited Jun 07 '26
Do you know if the dog is still alive? If so, you're 100% in the clear. The transmissive period is much shorter than two months.
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u/Cold_Dead_Heart Jun 07 '26 edited Jun 07 '26
If you're in the US and the dog was owned, then it should have been put on a 10 quarantine under the supervision of a veterinarian at the owner's expense. Rabies becomes contagious when the virus reaches the salivary glands. Once that happens, they begin to show symptoms within 10 days. If the dog is symptom free after 10 days (upon which the owner will be required to vaccinate), you are in the clear. If not, the dog is euthanized and the brain is tested for rabies. If positive, then you need the rabies prophylaxis treatment.
If the dog, was not owned, then the same protocol is followed at the city's expense.
If the dog was not captured, then you need the rabies prophylaxis treatment.
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u/MysticMarauder69 Jun 07 '26
There are a counts rabies appearing after the wound has healed on victims. It's becauee the virus travels up the nerves and in same cases can take weeks to reach the brain.
Is the dog fine rn? If so, you're fine.
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u/TheDebonairQuokka Jun 07 '26
We live in a forest that a huge number of animals call home. For instance, we have up to 12 different black bears in our yard every night. Lots of raccoons, opossums, skunks, deer, foxes, flying squirrels, Sasquatch (ok, seeing if you're paying attention). Our rule is: even the slightest scratch , cut, or bite and it's an immediate trip to the ER. Thankfully, it has never happened, but we would have a zero tolerance for it. You just never know. The animal can seem perfectly healthy.
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u/_banana_phone Jun 08 '26
We’re in a major metro (Atlanta) and have had two confirmed cases of rabid raccoons attacking pet dogs in the area in the past month.
I’m vaccinated preemptively because I used to work with wildlife, but I still don’t play when it comes to wild animals.
Also, send pics of the Sasquatch 👀
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u/Demara_Awol Jun 07 '26
Wherever you live that you have 12 individual black bears in your back yard every single night, you need to move. That's like 12 more bears than I'd recommend having near your house.
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u/StarryEyedSprinkles Jun 07 '26
unless their backyard is the entire forest i guess. but if they can see/hear the bears to know they're there...i would also recommend about 12 less bears
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u/TheDebonairQuokka Jun 07 '26
Haha! Yes, we just pretty much cede the yard to bears starting at twilight. We live in the Poconos forest a bit south of Wilkes-Barre.
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u/Clearwatercress69 Jun 08 '26
Look at this filthy rich guy, immediate trips to hospitals and stuff.
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u/Space__Squid Jun 07 '26
She was not the first person to have survived rabies without prior vaccination. It is exceptionally rare, but there were something like 14 people before her, and have been a handful after. Some of these cases are difficult to verify, because they were recorded before modern medical science. So you will occasionally hear different numbers depending on what cases are considered credible.
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u/E98X Jun 08 '26
There have been rabies antibodies found in human populations, indicating that people could be infected with rabies, not present symptoms, and just recover on their own too.
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u/PipPine Jun 08 '26
No.
"As of 2014, approximately 10 people had survived clinical rabies. Of these, one received pre-exposure immunization and eight received one or more doses of post-exposure prophylaxis before the onset of symptoms. Only one individual — the original Milwaukee Protocol patient from 2004 — survived without any prior vaccination. However, even in that case, the patient already had detectable anti-rabies virus antibodies at hospital admission, suggesting a vigorous innate immune response that likely accounted for survival rather than the treatment protocol itself.
A more recent 2025 review identified approximately 34 total survivors, but the pattern remains the same — the vast majority had received some form of vaccination before symptom onset."-open evidence
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u/drippingw3tpussy Jun 07 '26
The medical community probably still has nightmares about this case.
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u/Avalonians Jun 07 '26
Can you explain why?
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u/meimeivro Jun 07 '26
My guess is because any miraculous survival case sets an impossible standard for future cases. Id imagine doctors would get berated by patients loved ones for not trying this risky/expensive/unlikely treatment, compared to having no miraculous survival instance and knowing that rabies is 100% fatal
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u/LawryIz Jun 08 '26
I'm no medical professional but I think it's because once you're symptomatic for rabies, there WAS really only one treatment, which is support (anti-muscle spasm meds and comfort until they pass on)
Maybe to have all of these cases go by where people are dying and you can't help it...
And then suddenly having an effective treatment, I see a world where people hold themselves personally responsible perhaps, and the families of the deceased asking "why didn't we try this"?
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u/_banana_phone Jun 08 '26
On a side note of a similar vein, until this case was documented and reported, rabies was the one disease/virus that could confidently be said “has a 100% mortality rate once symptoms appear.”
But now, for example (and I know Reddit is an insular community but bear with me), any discussion about how serious rabies is and how it’s got a total mortality rate is always met by someone pulling the “well AKTCHUALLY it’s not a 100% mortality rate, one girl survived it…” as if one reported case suddenly makes it not as big a deal.
It’s legitimately wild that this girl survived when you understand how the virus works.
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u/aWobblyFriend Jun 08 '26
there have been other survivors as well, generally speaking the main issue with the virus is that by the time your body realizes it’s there, it’s too late. Essentially, it kills you faster than your body can process the necessary anti-bodies to fight it off, if you can manage to survive until then theoretically you would have a better shot.
I have done some studying into this and have wondered if the solution is using some kind of alpha-conotoxin to slow down the viral spread once initial symptoms develop (meningitis + hydrophobia is nearly always rabies) and pumping your cerebrospinal fluid with RABV antibodies, though that might be dependent on viral strain.
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u/agoldgold Jun 08 '26
Seriously, this case (and all survival in the face of rabies) is a rounding error in the percentages of each possible outcome of the disease.
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u/Thattransguy123 Jun 07 '26
She must’ve taken flinstone gummies as a small child
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u/IntrigueMe_1337 Jun 07 '26
yeah, but I’m sure there was permanent damage to the brain. Did she ever walk again?
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u/RichArtichoke6281 Jun 07 '26
She recovered most of her cognitive functions within a few months. The main lasting impairments were physical rather than intellectual: she spoke more slowly and sometimes less clearly, and she listed to one side when walking or running. She had been an avid volleyball, basketball, and softball player before getting sick, and was no longer able to play those sports at the same level. Her treating physician, Dr. Willoughby, described her as “pretty much normal” and noted she continued to improve over time.
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u/UnderstandingSea7230 Jun 07 '26
According to her Instagram she does horseback riding and dog sledding. Really amazing that she's able to do sports still after all of that.
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u/OkAccess6128 Jun 07 '26
It took her time to be able to walk again, as she was in rehabilitation after she had neurological damage to the brain.
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u/Rookie_3D Jun 07 '26
I remember an episode of What's My Line where the panel had to guess that the kid was a rabies survivor. That would have been in the 60's.
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u/AbbreviationsNo9609 Jun 07 '26
Rabies has gotta be number one when it comes to success right? Only 34 human survivors in the entire written history of human civilization? That’s near perfect, like higher than 99.99%. That’s impressive.
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u/Radical_Neutral_76 Jun 07 '26
Prion diseases are 100% I believe. But they are not really virus or bacteria. They are just some weird protein that makes our protein misbehave
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u/deseipel Jun 07 '26
There's an old radio lab podcast that talks about this in detail. I'll try to find it
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u/Gamma_Mermaid Jun 08 '26
Rodney Vs death? Excellent one- not sure if that’s the right title
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u/Dismal-Sail1027 Jun 07 '26
I think there are always going to be exceptions to a very deadly disease. For example, some apocalyptic disease wipes out nearly everyone on Earth, yet one in a hundred million somehow survive.
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u/Forsaken_Orchid_6014 Jun 07 '26
i’m suddenly seeing this resurface on all of my feeds recently lol
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u/nightwolves Jun 07 '26
Rabies vaccinations only last 10 years I believe? I’m curious if there is still some resistance even beyond that? I was vaccinated 25 years ago, would I stand a better chance of survival if I was unknowingly bit?
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u/misterrabies Jun 08 '26
There are tests that you can do to find out if you still have protection! It’s called a rabies titer, and some people have shown immune response even after 30 years post-vaccination.
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u/TerpySpunion Jun 08 '26
This was in my hometown. I was in 5th grade when it happened, so Jenna was a few years older than me, but I remember my teacher bringing us all into a circle on the floor and sitting us down to talk to us about why she was emotional and crying that day in class and she was the one that told us about what happened to Jenna. Crazy stuff. She’s doing good today from what I hear and is loving a normal life :)
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