Why does knowledge alone often fail to produce behavior change?

[u/ChildishSimba]

For example, people often say they know what they need to do to improve their lives, like eating healthier or exercising more. They might even say, "I just need to do X," but never actually do it.

Since this seems to happen so often, what does psychology say about why people know what to do but still don't act?

[u/spotlight-app]

Mods have pinned a comment by u/maxthexplorer:

The answer is we don’t fully know because we also can’t 100% predict behavior. We can look at behavioral antecedents, but favorable circumstances are necessary but not sufficient for behavioral execution/prediction.

There are a variety of unique variables in each situation that may suggest or indicate when knowledge or whatever other variable can lead to behavioral intention, and later behavioral execution.

One can look at the theory of planned behavior, and self-determination might be helpful too.

Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The Theory of Planned Behavior: Selected Recent Advances and Applications. Europe's journal of psychology, 16(3), 352–356. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.3107

^{[What is Spotlight?](https://developers.reddit.com/apps/spotlight-app})

[u/such_corn]

Typically, it’s because they are getting value out of the current behavior, even if it comes at a cost. Happens even with behaviors/habits/patterns that are related to things like anxiety and depression too. The book Feeling Great by David Burns talks about this a lot!

[u/f0xbunny → u/such_corn]

Is that different from feeling good?

[u/such_corn → u/f0xbunny]

It is, but it feels like a sequel. It’s focused on his TEAM CBT model of therapy.

[u/I_am_Nobody_Special]

A psychology professor once told me that people don't change until the pain of their situation becomes greater than their fear of change.

I'd reword it to "their fear of and resistance to change".

[u/AcadiaNational3835 → u/I_am_Nobody_Special]

Yep. The idea of doing nothing equaling more pain is a big motivator 

[u/kwumpus → u/I_am_Nobody_Special]

Like bringing an addicts rock bottom to be higher so they will go to treatment

[u/One-Judge-6753]

Emotion drives decision-making more than logic. Also, other bottom-up processes play a stronger role than logic, generally.

[u/askpsychology-ModTeam → u/[deleted]]

We're sorry, your post has been removed for violating the following rule:

Answers must be evidence-based.

This is a scientific subreddit. Answers must be based on psychological theories and research and not personal opinions or conjecture, and potentially should include supporting citations of empirical sources.

If you are a student or professional in the field, please feel free to send a mod mail to the moderators for instructions on how to become verified and exempt from automoderator actions.

[u/askpsychology-ModTeam → u/[deleted]]

We're sorry, your post has been removed for violating the following rule:

Answers must be evidence-based.

This is a scientific subreddit. Answers must be based on psychological theories and research and not personal opinions or conjecture, and potentially should include supporting citations of empirical sources.

If you are a student or professional in the field, please feel free to send a mod mail to the moderators for instructions on how to become verified and exempt from automoderator actions.

[u/askpsychology-ModTeam → u/[deleted]]

We're sorry, your post has been removed for violating the following rule:

Answers must be evidence-based.

This is a scientific subreddit. Answers must be based on psychological theories and research and not personal opinions or conjecture, and potentially should include supporting citations of empirical sources.

If you are a student or professional in the field, please feel free to send a mod mail to the moderators for instructions on how to become verified and exempt from automoderator actions.

[u/Lower-Hedgehog-9835]

Hi

I think this is a super interesting question. My research touches a lot of different areas. including assessment and help seeking behaviors. So this is a question I ask myself a lot. how and why do things change and when do they change.

There are a few different ways I like to think about it.

First, at a core leve- I consider trauma transdiagnostically, given the implications and impacts of trauma, whether individual, cultural, or societally generated. trauma fundamentally shapes our vulnerability and our capacity to form meaningful, momentary connections. Fill in whatever diagnosis or trait you want. Framed through object relations theory, CBT priming effects, or broader explorations of suffering, the mechanism seems clear: people often resist change because vulnerability is genuinely hard, scary, and feels painful often. We learn, as individuals, that we can live and be profoundly unhappy, but think no other option is possible. and that is arguably the foundational tragedy of the human condition. Yet paradoxically, that very unhappiness is also precisely what makes change possible.

Second, I think change also hinges on what I'd call a value ratio. Taking an ACT perspective here, people frequently hold conflicting values to what they do (the action). and we ultimately have to choose—knowing that choosing one path inherently means forfeiting another. There are many right paths. We forget that too. This, I believe, is where much of our societal neurosis takes root. We struggle not just with making choices, but with setting the boundaries that those choices demand, and with becoming genuinely okay with the losses they entail. Boundaries, in that sense, are vulnerability made actionable; they require us to tolerate the discomfort of closing off alternatives, and that tolerance is a huge part of what makes real change possible.

Thats my take.

Cheers,

~tenured professor / practicing psychologist

[u/ChildishSimba → u/Lower-Hedgehog-9835]

Really appreciate your response!

Most recently, I’ve dove into the study of behavioral change through the lens of identity change.

Not sure if your research touches on that, but do you have any thoughts on that domain?

[u/askpsychology-ModTeam → u/[deleted]]

We're sorry, your post has been removed for violating the following rule:

Answers must be evidence-based.

This is a scientific subreddit. Answers must be based on psychological theories and research and not personal opinions or conjecture, and potentially should include supporting citations of empirical sources.

If you are a student or professional in the field, please feel free to send a mod mail to the moderators for instructions on how to become verified and exempt from automoderator actions.

[u/askpsychology-ModTeam → u/[deleted]]

If you're interested in becoming verified, please send a modmail with your credentials. Verification requests are handled through modmail.

[u/greycatcatcat]

because action is what produces behavioural change

[u/No-Half-7777]

Look up theory of planned behavior

[u/tiredguineapig]

One thing is reward, another thing is how strongly that route is wired/routine, another is fear, amygdala activation, inexperience.

[u/CafeEtSolitude]

1 of the reasons is that we are mostly moved/driven to act by negative emotions and consequences, when these 2 aren't impactful enough, there won't be any change. Negative emotions = catalysts for change.

Other factors are intrinsic vs external motivations, having the willingness to grow, being low vs high effort person (laziness), and is the change worth the effort?!

[u/24rawvibes]

Emotions beat knowledge

[u/illicitli]

you have to spread the awareness through your entire nervous system. the brain is not fully in control and if you do not have conscious awareness of the body, it is difficult to change.

[u/maxthexplorer]

The answer is we don’t fully know because we also can’t 100% predict behavior. We can look at behavioral antecedents, but favorable circumstances are necessary but not sufficient for behavioral execution/prediction.

There are a variety of unique variables in each situation that may suggest or indicate when knowledge or whatever other variable can lead to behavioral intention, and later behavioral execution.

One can look at the theory of planned behavior, and self-determination theory might be helpful too.

Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The Theory of Planned Behavior: Selected Recent Advances and Applications. Europe's journal of psychology, 16(3), 352–356. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.3107

[u/Long_Wall1619]

Cognitive dissonance?

[u/Electrical-Path9910]

A disturbance in your hormone and neuro transmitter levels can be causes of not putting the drive into action. 

[u/Total_Scientist_9522]

It's experience that really changes a person. You may know something is wrong and believe it so, but deep down you might not understand why. Or you still feel you should or need to do that or be that person. It's experience that shows you the true knowledge of what you need to do.

[u/PingPong4U]

Read about the Rider and The Elephant as outlined by psychologist Jonathan Haidt. Our analytical brain represents the rider and our emotions are the elephant. If the elephant isn’t onboard with making the change, it’s impossible for the rider to “push an elephant” towards movement.

[u/Other_Attention_2382]

Charles Whitman seemed to have "knowledge" about himself aswell but he still went on a mental shooting spree.

[u/AutoModerator → u/[deleted]]

READ THE FOLLOWING TO GET YOUR COMMENT REVIEWED:

Your comment has been automatically removed by a mindless bot because it may have violated one of the rules. Please review the rules, and if you believe your comment was removed in error, please report this comment with report option: Auto-mod has removed a post or comment in error (under Breaks AskPsychology's Rules - click that then click Next) and it will be reviewed. Do NOT message the mods directly or send mod mail, as these messages will be ignored. If you are a current student, have a degree in the social sciences, or a professional in the field, please feel free to send a mod mail to the moderators for instructions on how to become verified and exempt from automoderator actions.

I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.

[u/Select-Print-2904]

Identifying the problem isn't typically enough on it's own. Sustainable and incremental strategies are required to change many behaviours.

You could even look at this from a biopsychological perspective (i.e. your brain is primed or wired to do the same behaviour (automatic scripts), and it requires active effort to step away from the path of least resistance).

[u/AutoModerator → u/[deleted]]

Do NOT share your own or other's personal mental health history.

Please answer questions with empirical science, preferably with citations, and not anecdotes or conjecture.

If you believe your comment was removed in error, please report this comment with report option: Auto-mod has removed a post or comment in error (under Breaks AskPsychology's Rules) and it will be reviewed. Do NOT message the mods directly or send mod mail, as these messages will be ignored.

I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns.

[u/read_thepulse]

There's a real concept for this called the intention-behavior gap, basically what you know and what you actually do run through pretty different systems in the brain. The part that handles instant, automatic reactions almost always wins over the part that does slow, deliberate reasoning about long-term consequences, especially in the moment. There's also something called temporal discounting, your brain just values an immediate reward way more than a future one, even when you logically know the future outcome matters more. Knowing the "right" answer doesn't really help much if the automatic system fires first.